最近做了个领取微信卡券的小程序,看了很多文档资料以及花了很多时间才算搞定的,不过也算是好事多磨,这边记录分享一下,也算给一点提升。
一、开发前准备
1:申请微信公众号 和 微信小程序,这是两个不同的东西,都需要单独申请、不同的帐号;
2:微信公众号需要开通微信卡券的功能;
3:在微信公众号里面去绑定小程序;
4:申请微信开放平台,并将微信公众号 和 微信小程序绑定到该开放平台。(注:绑定到开发平台下的作用只是为了获取unionid,因为同一用户在 公众号 和 小程序下获得的openid是不一样的,如果公众号 和 小程序都需要领取卡券,则最好通过unionid来跟踪用户;如果你只是开发微信小程序的领取卡券,则完全可以忽略第4点,博主本人也没有去绑定到微信开放平台,感觉步骤好多,特别麻烦!)
二、开始开发
1:获取微信卡券
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1451025272
这边可以直接通过微信公众号提供的接口获取或者创建微信的卡券,此处不过多介绍,只是提一下这边要获取的access_token,网址如下https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1421140183,代码直接如下:
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private static String grantType = "client_credential";
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public static String appId = "";
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public static String secret = "";
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public static AccessToken token = null;
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public static AccessToken getToken() throws WeixinException, JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException{
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if(token == null || token.getExpires_in() < System.currentTimeMillis()){
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String param = "?grant_type=" + grantType + "&appid=" + appId + "&secret=" + secret;
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HttpsClient http = new HttpsClient();
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Response res = http.get("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token" + param);
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System.out.println(res.asString());
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ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
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token = mapper.readValue(res.asString(),AccessToken.class);
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}
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return token;
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}
其中需要jackson和weixin4j的jar包,比较普遍,请自行下载;而AccessToken对象也比较简单,就errcode、errmsg、access_token、expires_in这四个参数,比较简单,在文章结尾贴代码
2:升级微信卡券
其实这个步骤也可以省略,升级微信卡券的目的是可以直接从微信卡券跳转到对应的小程序,博主就偷懒了,直接跳过了这个步骤;
不过升级卡券也比较简单,就是调用调用微信公众号的更改微信卡券接口(URL:https://api.weixin.qq.com/card/update?access_token=TOKEN),添加几个字段,可以参考微信官方文档3.1,链接如下:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/announce?action=getannouncement&key=1490190158&version=1&lang=zh_CN&platform=2
3:领取卡券
3.1:先获取openId
小程序端代码,通过调用wx.login获取code,再调用https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session接口获取openid,博主看到很多例子是直接从小程序端调用这个接口,但我事实中发现是行不通的,因为这个域名无法添加到小程序的request合法域名中,微信给的说明是不要在前端调用这个接口,需要通过后台,那没办法喽
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wx.login({
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success: function (res) {
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var service_url = 'https://???/???/weixin/api/login?code=' + res.code;//需要将服务器域名添加到小程序的request合法域名中,而且必须是https开头
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wx.request({
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url: l,
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data: {},
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method: 'GET',
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success: function (res) {
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console.log(res);
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if (res.data != null && res.data != undefined && res.data != '') {
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wx.setStorageSync("openid", res.data.openid);
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}
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}
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});
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}
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});
后端java代码
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@RequestMapping("login")
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@ResponseBody
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public Map<String, Object> login(String code, HttpServletRequest request) throws WeixinException, JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
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if (code == null || code.equals("")) {
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throw new WeixinException("invalid null, code is null.");
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}
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Map<String, Object> ret = new HashMap<String, Object>();
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String param = "?grant_type=" + grant_type + "&appid=" + appid + "&secret=" + secret + "&js_code=" + code;
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System.out.println("https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session" + param);
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HttpsClient http = new HttpsClient();
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Response res = http.get("https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session" + param);
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JSONObject jsonObj = res.asJSONObject();
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if (jsonObj != null) {
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Object errcode = jsonObj.get("errcode");
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if (errcode != null) {
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throw new WeixinException(getCause(Integer.parseInt(errcode.toString())));
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}
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ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
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OAuthJsToken oauthJsToken = mapper.readValue(jsonObj.toJSONString(),OAuthJsToken.class);
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ret.put("openid", oauthJsToken.getOpenid());
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}
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return ret;
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}
其中OAuthJsToken对象的字段为:openid、expires_in、session_key(会话密钥) ,在文章结尾贴代码;
3.2:生成领取卡券的签名,并调用wx.addCard方法领取卡券
这边写贴java后端代码
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public static ApiTicket ticket = null;
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@RequestMapping("getCardSign")
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@ResponseBody
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public Map<String, String> getCardSign(String cardId) throws WeixinException, JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException{
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Map<String, String> ret = new HashMap<String, String>();
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if(ticket == null || ticket.getExpires_in() < System.currentTimeMillis()){
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HttpsClient http = new HttpsClient();
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ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
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AccessToken token = OpenApi.getToken();
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Response res = http.get("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=" + token.getAccess_token() + "&type=wx_card");
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System.out.println(res.asString());
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ticket = mapper.readValue(res.asString(), ApiTicket.class);
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}
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ret = sign(ticket.getTicket(), cardId);
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for (Map.Entry entry : ret.entrySet()) {
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System.out.println(entry.getKey() + ", " + entry.getValue());
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}
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return ret;
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}
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public static Map<String, String> sign(String api_ticket, String cardId) {
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Map<String, String> ret = new HashMap<String, String>();
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String nonce_str = create_nonce_str();
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String timestamp = create_timestamp();
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String signature = "";
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String param[] = new String[4];
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param[0] = nonce_str;
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param[1] = timestamp;
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param[2] = api_ticket;
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param[3] = cardId;
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Arrays.sort(param);
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StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
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for(String b : param){
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sb.append(b);
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}
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System.out.println(sb);
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try{
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MessageDigest crypt = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
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crypt.reset();
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crypt.update(sb.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
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signature = byteToHex(crypt.digest());
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}catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e){
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e.printStackTrace();
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}catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e){
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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ret.put("card_id", cardId);
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ret.put("api_ticket", api_ticket);
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ret.put("nonceStr", nonce_str);
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ret.put("timestamp", timestamp);
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ret.put("signature", signature);
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return ret;
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}
其中ApiTicket对象的属性有:errcode、errmsg、ticket、expires_in,在文章结尾贴出该代码
再贴小程序端代码
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var that = this;
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var service_url = 'https://???/???/weixin/api/getCardSign?cardId=' + cardId;//需要将服务器域名添加到小程序的request合法域名中,而且必须是https开头
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wx.request({
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url: service_url,
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data: {},
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method: 'GET',
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success: function (res) {
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console.log(res);
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wx.addCard({
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cardList: [{
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cardId: that.data.cardId,
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cardExt: '{"code":"","openid":"","timestamp":' + res.data.timestamp + ',"nonce_str":"' + res.data.nonceStr + '","signature":"' + res.data.signature + '"}'
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}],
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success: function (result) {
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console.log(res);
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wx.showToast({
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title: '领取成功',
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icon: 'success',
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duration: 2000
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});
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},
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fail: function (res) {
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console.log('领取失败');
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console.log(res);
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}
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})
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}
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});
ok,如果领取成功,可以直接到微信卡包里面查看。下面贴出AccessToken、ApiTicket、OAuthJsToken的java模型代码
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public class BaseResponse {
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private int errcode;
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private String errmsg;
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public int getErrcode() {
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return errcode;
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}
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public void setErrcode(int errcode) {
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this.errcode = errcode;
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}
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public String getErrmsg() {
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return errmsg;
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}
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public void setErrmsg(String errmsg) {
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this.errmsg = errmsg;
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}
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}
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public class AccessToken extends BaseResponse{
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private String access_token;
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private long expires_in;
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public String getAccess_token() {
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return access_token;
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}
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public void setAccess_token(String access_token) {
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this.access_token = access_token;
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}
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public long getExpires_in() {
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return expires_in;
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}
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public void setExpires_in(long expires_in) {
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this.expires_in = System.currentTimeMillis() + (expires_in - 100) * 1000;
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}
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}
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public class ApiTicket extends BaseResponse{
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private String ticket;
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private long expires_in;
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public String getTicket() {
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return ticket;
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}
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public void setTicket(String ticket) {
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this.ticket = ticket;
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}
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public long getExpires_in() {
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return expires_in;
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}
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public void setExpires_in(long expires_in) {
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this.expires_in = System.currentTimeMillis() + (expires_in - 100) * 1000;
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}
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}
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public class OAuthJsToken {
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private String openid;
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private int expires_in = 7200;
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private String session_key;
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private long exprexpiredTime;
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public String getOpenid() {
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return openid;
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}
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public void setOpenid(String openid) {
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this.openid = openid;
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}
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public int getExpires_in() {
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return expires_in;
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}
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public void setExpires_in(int expires_in) {
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this.expires_in = expires_in;
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this.exprexpiredTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + expires_in * 1000;
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}
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public String getSession_key() {
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return session_key;
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}
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public void setSession_key(String session_key) {
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this.session_key = session_key;
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}
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public long getExprexpiredTime() {
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return exprexpiredTime;
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}
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public void setExprexpiredTime(long exprexpiredTime) {
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this.exprexpiredTime = exprexpiredTime;
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}
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public boolean isExprexpired() {
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return System.currentTimeMillis() >= this.exprexpiredTime;
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}
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}
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